Examples

INDEFINITVES PRONOUNS

Some pronouns are definite in that they replace a specific noun or another pronoun. But sometimes things aren’t so clear-cut. We don’t need to refer to anything or anyone definite. So what do we do for a pronoun? In those cases we use indefinite pronouns.

What are Indefinite Pronouns?

As the name suggests indefinite pronouns are pronouns that are not definite in meaning. In other words they are not specific in which noun they replace. They may be singular or plural, and must match the verb in number.

There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:

anybody	anyone
anything	everybody
everyone	everything
nobody	none
no one	nothing
somebody	someone
something

Example:

Anything is possible if you believe.

 

examples with (INDEFINITIVES........)

The subject and verb in a sentence must both be either singular or plural. We can't have a singular subject with a plural verb or a plural subject with a singular verb.

Examples:

1. I needed to see if anyone was interested in dating my cousin.
2. Someone really needs to come and mow my lawn.
3. Is anyone available to babysit for me on Tuesday?
4. My parents always told me that anything is possible.
5. Everyone enjoyed the food and the company.
6. Anyone that has ever lived in the city will never take for granted the peace of the country.
7. Someone whispered in my ear, but when I turned around there was not anybody there.
8. Few came to the wedding after the bride had a melt down and lashed out at her family and friends.
9. Everyone at the wedding could see how happy he made her.
10. After the festivities, everyone was invited back to the house for the after-party.
11. Some just do not know when to quit while they are ahead.
12. Someone should sue the pants off of that guy!
13. Anything is possible as long as you put your mind to it.
14. Mary wanted some, but I do not have any.
15. Someone drank all the soda.
16. Can anyone tell me why it is raining again?
17. Everybody loves to eat chocolate.
18. No one likes to eat vegetables.
19. Someone will clean up the kitchen.
20. No one was home at the neighbor's.
21. Everyone brought canned goods to the charity drive.
22. All were late to the party.

Examples with (Nobody, never)

Negative (Nobody, never etc)

Below you will find a list of the most common negative words. They can refer to people or things and are usually used in conjunction with "no."

Examples

•  There is nobody in this club.
•  Do you eat spinach? No, I never eat spinach.
• Nobody with any sense isn’t going
• I can’t find my keys nowhere.
• She never goes with nobody.
• John says he has not seen neither Alice or Susan all day.
• You can’t see no one in this crowd.
• There aren’t no presents left to open.
• The secret cave did not have none of the treasures they wanted.
• All the witnesses claimed that didn’t see nothing.
• The pilot can’t find no place to land.
• He did not mention neither the deposit nor the rate.
• There is no way you can do nothing about this.
• He doesn’t have nothing but the clothes on his back.
• We haven’t never seen a tornado that big.

Subject questions

SUBJECT QUESTION: A subject question asks about the subject of the sentence.
Do NOT change the word order of the question.

ANSWER	QUESTION
Gina is fixing the computer.	Who is fixing the computer?
An accident happened last week.	What happened last week?

To ask a question about the subject of a sentence, the word order is exactly the same as the word order for a statement. The form of the verb is exactly the same too.

Look at this statement:

[s]:Subject, [v]:Verb

[s] John [v] met Maria at the station.

Now look at these two questions and answers:

[Q]:QUESTION, [A]:ANSWER

[Q] Who did John meet?
[A] Maria (not the subject)

[Q] Who met Maria?
[A] John (the subject)

In the second sentence, we are asking about the subject of the sentence. Here are some more examples of subject questions:

Something happened in the kitchen.
What happened in the kitchen?

Someone knows a lot about physics.
Who knows a lot about physics?

Someone's writing is the best.
Whose writing is the best?

Some students are leaving on Monday.
Which students are leaving on Monday?

Hundreds of workers have been given a pay raise.
How many workers have been given a pay raise?

Information Questions

WH Question Words

We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).

Question Word	Function	Example
what	asking for information about something	What is your name?
	asking for repetition or confirmation	What? I can't hear you. You did what?
what...for	asking for a reason, asking why	What did you do that for?
when	asking about time	When did he leave?
where	asking in or at what place or position	Where do they live?
which	asking about choice	Which colour do you want?
who	asking what or which person or people (subject)	Who opened the door?
whom	asking what or which person or people (object)	Whom did you see?
whose	asking about ownership	Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?
why	asking for reason, asking what...for	Why do you say that?
why don't	making a suggestion	Why don't I help you?
how	asking about manner	How does this work?
	asking about condition or quality	How was your exam?
how + adj/adv	asking about extent or degree	see examples below
how far	distance	How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
how long	length (time or space)	How long will it take?
how many	quantity (countable)	How many cars are there?
how much	quantity (uncountable)	How much money do you have?
how old	age	How old are you?
how come (informal)	asking for reason, asking why	How come I can't see her?

information questions

Types of questions

There are two types of questions:

• Yes or no questions
• Wh questions

Question words

Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'.

Question words	Meaning	Examples
who	person	Who's that? That's Nancy.
where	place	Where do you live? In Boston
why	reason	Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early
when	time	When do you go to work? At 7:00
how	manner	How do you go? By car
what	object, idea or action	What do you do? I am an engineer
which	choice	Which one do you prefer? The red one.
whose	possession	Whose is this book? It's Alan's.
whom	object of the verb	Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
what kind	description	What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
what time	time	What time did you come home?
how many	quantity (countable)	How many students are there? There are twenty.
how much	amount, price (uncountable)	How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how long	duration, length	How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.
how often	frequency	How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.
how far	distance	How far is your school? It's one mile far.
how old	age	How old are you? I'm 16.
how come	reason	How come I didn't see at the party?

HOW MANY AND HOW MUCH

Many is used with count nouns:
Q: How many apples are there? A: There are many apples in this picture.
Q: How many chairs are there? A: There are two chairs.
Q: How many bees are there? A: Hundreds. Maybe thousands!
Q: How many apples are there in this picture? A: There is only one apple.
Q: How many men are in this picture? A: There aren't any. There is only one woman.

Much is used with noncount nouns:
Q: How much fruit is there? A: There's a lot of fruit.
Q: How much water is in the glass? A: It's almost full. There's a lot of water in the glass.
Q: How much traffic is there this morning? A: There's a lot of traffic. The cars aren't moving very fast.
Q: How much fishing does he do? A: He does a lot of fishing on the weekend.
Q: How much beer is there in his glass? A: There isn't any. It's all gone.

how many and how much

1)  How many stars are in the sky?

2)  How many people live on islands?

3)  How many birds are there?

4)  How much water is in the ocean?

5)  How much money is in a bank?

6)  How many countries are in the world?

7)  How much bread is eaten per day?

8)  How many bones are in the human body?

9)  How much sand is in the deserts?

10)  How much information is on the internet?

Information Question

                                                              Information Questions

The answers for simple questions in English are "Yes," "No," or "I don't know" (or its equivalent). The answers for information questions are varied--because they are
used to ask about specific kinds of information.Information questions are also called "Wh-" questions because many of the words that are used to ask this type of question begin with Wh-.

Who am I? You're a teacher.
Where are you? I'm in the classroom.
What does he have? He has some strawberries.
Where is she? She's at the beach.
Why is the cat drinking water? It's thirsty.
When do we have class? We have class in the morning.	You + I = We
How are they drinking their milkshake? They're drinking it with a straw.
What do they have? They have popsicles.

EXAMPLE:

1. Where do you come from? 
2. Who wants to play football? 
3. Why are you late? 
4. What makes you so nervous? 
5. How does he feel today? 
6. Where does your brother live? 
7. Who likes to play the guitar? 
8. When do you practise tennis? 
9. What do you want to do tonight? 
10. How many students did their homework?

yes / no questions

Yes/No questions - be (am, are, is)

Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.

statement	You are from Germany.
question	Are you from Germany?

We always use the short answer, not only "Yes" or "No".

NOTE:
If the answer is "Yes", we always use the long form. 

Example: Yes, I am.

If the answer is "No", we either use the long or the contracted form (short form).

Example: No, I am not - No, I'm not.

Are	you	from Germany?	Yes,	I	am.
			No,	I	am not. 'm not.
Is	he	your friend?	Yes,	he	is.
Are	Peter and John	from England?	Yes,	they	are.

Yes / No Question

Yes/No Questions

Simple (Yes / No) questions in English are made in three similar but different ways. The form of simple questions depends on whether the statement from which the question is made has 

1.		BE (but no other verb), or
2.		an auxiliary verb (including BE) and a main verb, or
3.		only a main verb (not BE and not with an auxiliary.)

auxiliary verb	subject	main verb		Answer Yes or No
Do	you	want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	you	drive?		No, I can't.
Has	she	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	they	go	home?	No, they didn't.
Exception! verb be simple present and simple past
	Is	Anne	French?	Yes, she is.
	Was	Ram	at home?	No, he wasn't.

Examples:

yes/no question

         

The verb to be -  yes / no questions  Am I right? Is he here? Is she a nurse? Is it second-hand? Are we wrong? Are you Alan Parker? Are they American? Yes / no questions with the verb to be - exercise Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb to be - am, is, are. Jane and Alice sisters? Are Jane and Alice sisters? this car yours? Is this car yours? I in your way? Am I in your way? Maria John's sister? Is Maria John`s sister? you twenty-five years old? Are you twenty-five years old? the Smiths divorced? Is the Smiths divorced? this your new bicycle? Is this your new bicycle? Yes / no questions with the verb to be - more practice Click on the words in the correct order to make positive sentences with the verb to be. 1  Are you hot? You are hot. 2  your Is book? this This is your book. 3  Is States? Peters from Unites the Mr.  The Mr. Peters is from Unites States. 4  they married? Are They are married.  5  right or wrong? Am I I am right or wrong.

Examples with Modals Verbs

Modal verb definition

The following list are all modal verbs

Modal verbs are also sometimes called modals. 

They are used before ordinary verbs and are used to express meanings such as permission, possibility, certainty and necessity.

Need and dare can be used as like modal verbs

Can  Be able to    Can't  Could  May  Might  Must

Have to  Need to  Needn't  Musn't  Don't have to    Should  Ought to

   Modal verbs examples and meaning

Excercises MODAL VERBS

Modal Verbs And Their Meaning

Grammar Exercise - Modals

---

Choose the right modal verb

1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You needn't buy any.
2. It's a hospital. You mustn't smoke.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He must be tired after such haed work. He may prefer to get some rest.
4. I could speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I can just say a few things in the language.
5. The teacher said we can read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But we can read it if we don't want to.
6.  Can you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I can't
7. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you need  to work hard. .
8. Take an umbrella. It might rain later.
9. You shouldn't leave small objects lying around . Such objects may be swallowed by children.
10. People mustn't walk on grass.
11. Drivers must stop when the traffic lights are red.
12. May I ask a question? Yes, of course.
13. You needn't  take your umbrella. It is not raining.
14. Can you speak Italian? No, I can't.

examples with Shall, Should and Ought to

Shall, Should, Ought to

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a positive answer)

Shall + subject + base form of the verb

1. Shall we go for a walk?

Note: Shall is only used with I or we. It is used instead of will only in formal English.

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a positive answer)

Should + subject + base form of the verb

1. Should I call a doctor?

A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen

should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. The proposal should be finished on time.
2. I shouldn’t be late. The train usually arrives on time.

To Give Advice

should / ought to + base form of the verb

1. You should check that document before you send it out.
2. You ought to have your car serviced before the winter.

To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or unacceptable)

shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. James shouldn’t teach him words like those.

Examples about (ought to)

                                                 Ought to Afirmative Examples

 The flight attendant ought to tell to the passenger when the plane will take off
 The tourist class ought to be like the first class
 The pilot ought to alert to stewardess when an accident occurs
 The package tour ought to be the next week
   Negative Examples

 The airfare ought not to increase
 The travel agency ought not to be responsible for the loss of objects in the plane
 passenger ought not to carry their backpacker
 Pets ought not to be in the passenger cabin

 Questions

 ¿Ought the passenger to carry pets to the cabin?
 ¿Ought the pilot to take off the plane now ?
 ¿Ought the copilot to be in the cabin so early?
 ¿Ought the soldier to take the control of the plane ?

Ought to

Examples:

Affirmative

• Helen ought to be more careful.
  
• I ought to stay in bed.
  
• We ought to go together.
  
• They ought to be here already.
  
• You ought to eat more vegetables.
  
• Tom ought to take her home..
• It ought to work properly.
  

Negative

• You ought not to drink so much.
  
• They ought not to go camping without a torch.
  
• George ought not to wear someone else's glasses.
  

Interrogative

• Ought Rachel to be here so early?
  
• Ought they to live there?
  

Exercices OUGHT TO

Modals of Advice 1 - Should, Ought to, Had Better

Choose the best modal for each sentence.

1. A: I'm so hot.
   B: You _________________ your coat!
   1.   should to take off
   2.   should put on
   3.   should take off
2. Dave loves chocolate, but he _________________ too much or he will get fat.
   1.   shouldn't eat
   2.   should eat not
   3.   should eat
3. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she _______________ to the doctor.
   1.   ought
   2.   ought to go
   3.   ought go
4. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ________________ ?
   1.   I should do
   2.   should I do
   3.   had I better do
5. I'm going to visit your country. Where _______________ if I want to go shopping?
   1.   should I go
   2.   I should go
   3.   ought to I go
6. A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.
   B: Really? You ______________ to her after class today.
   1.   should to talk
   2.   ought to talk
   3.   ought talk
7. The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You _________________ pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport!
   1.   better not
   2.   had not better
   3.   had better not
8. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I _________________ an umbrella.
   1.   had better to bring
   2.   had better not bring
   3.   had better bring